Effects of pH Level and Mixing Time on Characteristics of Bismuth Nanoparticles Prepared by Green Synthesis

Abstract

In this study, bismuth nanoparticles were prepared by green synthesis from Iraqi lemon extract. Results showed that bismuth nanoparticles show absorption peaks at 268-289nm confirming the formation of bismuth nanoparticles with blue shift range. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the polycrystalline structure of bismuth nanoparticles with crystallite size of 9-20nm. These nanoparticles have nearly spherical forms with varying diameters between 22.37 and 20.89nm. The zeta potential were estimated to be -43.5 mV and -40 mV confirming the stability of bismuth nanoparticles. The sp² hybridization of bismuth nanoparticles was confirmed using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum, from O-H stretching vibrations bonds.