Enhancement of Humidity Sensing of PVDF/PEO Nanocomposites Doped with Tungsten Oxide

Abstract

The study delved into the impact of nano-tungsten oxide doping on PVDF/PEO thin films, meticulously fabricated through the spin coating technique. By modifying the weight percentages of WO₂ nanoparticles (NPs), the study revealed significant findings. X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique provided insight into the polycrystalline nature and tetragonal structure of the films. The morphology of the films was examined using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), which confirmed the homogenous distribution of WO₂ NPs throughout the PVDF/PEO composite. Further chemical analysis was conducted using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, which identified specific functional groups and elucidated the chemical complexities introduced by the doping material. Optical measurements indicated the energy gap increase from 3.0 eV to 3.2 eV, corresponding with the increase in WO₂ NPs content.