Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Different Plants and Evaluation of Their Biological Effects

Abstract

This study investigates the chemical composition, optical properties, and antibacterial potential of Beetroot, Cinnamon, and Pomegranate extracts using water and alcohol as solvents. X-ray fluorescence (XRF), UV-Visible absorption spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, and bandgap determination were employed to characterize the elemental and molecular composition of the plant extracts where the bioactive compounds were detected. Additionally, antibacterial activity was assessed against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to evaluate their potential as natural antimicrobial agents. The study highlights the influence of solvent choice, extracted bioactive compounds and the type of the plants on the extraction efficiency of bioactive compounds and the functional properties of the extracts. These findings provide insights into the development of plant-based bioactive compounds and natural antimicrobial formulations, emphasizing the role of extraction techniques in enhancing the utility of phytochemicals for food, pharmaceutical, and biomedical applications.